introductions

1. All of the following are unique to the molluscs except one. Select the exception.
A) mantle

B) shell

C) visceral mass

D) head-foot

2. Which of the following is true of the radula of most molluscs?
A) It is used in reproduction.

B) It is used in excretion.

C) It is used in rasping food.

D) It is used in gas exchange.

3. The mantle of most mollusks
A) is modified for locomotion.

B) is used in attracting prey.

C) secretes the shell.

D) supports the radula.

4. Which of the following is true of the mantle cavity of a bivalve?
A) It is the area where water circulates during feeding and gas exchange.

B) It is the space between the mantle and the shell.

C) It is the space between the pericardium and the heart.

D) It is the space where blood circulates before being returned to the heart.

5. The molluscs are most closely related to the
A) annelids.

B) echinoderms.

C) arthropods.

D) chordates.

6. Which of the following is true of the visceral mass of a mollusc?
A) It contains the gills.

B) It secretes the shell.

C) It is used in locomotion.

D) It contains gonads and digestive glands.

7. Molluscs can be characterized by:
A) trochophore larvae, and they are deuterostomes.

B) planaria larvae, and they are protostomes.

C) trochophore larvae and they are protostomes.

D) planaria larvae, and they are deuterostomes.

8. All of the following mollusc characters would be found in a member of the class Bivalvia except one. Select the exception.
A) visceral mass

B) head-foot

C) mantle cavity

D) radula

9. Members of which of the following mollusc classes would be characterized by a shell consisting of 8 plates?
A) Aplacophora

B) Polyplacophora

C) Monoplacophora

D) Cephalopoda

10. Members of which of the following mollusc classes would be characterized by a reduced head, a mantle that surrounds the entire body and a tusk-shaped shell?
A) Scaphopoda

B) Bivalvia

C) Polyplacophora

D) Gastropoda

11. ______ is a developmental process that occurs in gastropods and results in a 180 degree counterclockwise twisting of the visceral mass and mantle cavity
A) Gastrulation

B) Epiboly

C) Involution

D) Torsion

12. A ______ is a mucoid mass that extends to the stomach of gastropods. It contains trapped food particles and is rotated by cilia
A) protostyle

B) umbo

C) crystalline style

D) gastric shield

13. Members of the gastropod subclass Pulmonata are predominantly freshwater or terrestrial. Their mantle is modified into a lung, which opens to the outside of the mantle cavity through a/an
A) siphon.
B) pneumostome.

C) umbo.

D) operculum.

14. Water exits the mantle cavity of a bivalve through the ______ and the excurrent opening
A) water tube

B) incurrent opening

C) suprabranchial chamber

D) pericardial cavity

15. A ______ is a developmental stage of a freshwater bivalve that is parasitic on fishes
A) veliger

B) trochophore

C) planula

D) glochidium

16. Members of the classes Cephalopoda and Scaphopoda are the only molluscs that possess closed circulatory systems.
A) True
B) False
17. Cephalopods rely on olfactory senses for detecting prey
A) True
B) False
18. Members of the class Polyplacophora include the chitons, which are found on hard substrates in marine habitats
A) True
B) False
19. Members of the class Monoplacophora are wormlike molluscs that lack a shell, crystalline style, and foot; they live in vertical burrows on the deep-sea floor.
A) True
B) False
20. Labial palps of bivalves sort filtered food particles delivered by cilia lining the ventral margin of the gills.
A) True
B) False
21. The operculum aids in both respiration and reproduction in gastropods
A) True
B) False
22. The Gastropoda and the Cephalopoda form a clade characterized by a dorsoventrally elongate body and shell coiling.
A) True
B) False
23. The diversity of body forms and lifestyles present in the phylum Mollusca is an excellent example of adaptive radiation
A) True
B) False
24. The absence of a shell in the Aplacophora is a primitive character in the phylum Mollusca
A) True
B) False

Answer:::::

1.b
2.c
3.c
4.a
5.a
6.d
7.c
8.d
9.b
10.a
11.d
12.a
13.b
14.c
15.d
16.b
17.b
18.a
19.b
20.a
21.b
22.a
23.a
24.a

The segmental arrangement of body parts in an animal is called

A) tagmatization.
B) metamerism.
C) cephalization.
D) serialism.

The specialization of body regions in a segmented animal is called

A) tagmatization.
B) metamerism.
C) cephalization.
D) eutely.

Annelids and Arthropods share all of the following characteristics except one. Select the exception.

A) a ventral nerve cord
B) a complete digestive tract
C) metamerism
D) an exoskeleton

The annelid class whose members are mostly marine is

A) Hirudinea.
B) Oligochaeta.
C) Polychaeta.
D) Clitellata.

A distinctive feature of members of the subclass Hirudinea is

A) parapodia.
B) tentacles.
C) anterior and posterior suckers.
D) palps.

Earthworms belong to the annelid subclass

A) Hirudinea.
B) Chaetognatha.
C) Polychaeta.
D) Oligochaeta.

A distinctive feature of members of the class Polychaeta is

A) parapodia.
B) clitellum.
C) annuli.
D) absence of setae.

The girdle-like structure that is used for mucus secretion during copulation and cocoon formation is the

A) clitellum.
B) prostomium.
C) parapodium.
D) epitoke.

A clitellum is present in the members of the subclass(es)

A) Hirudinea.
B) Polychaeta.
C) Oligochaeta.
D) Hirudinea and Oligochaeta.

Oligochaetes are

A) monoecious.
B) dioecious.
C) monoecious or dioecious.
D) asexual.

Most polychaetes are

A) monoecious.
B) dioecious.
C) protandric.
D) asexual.

An excretory structure consisting of an open, ciliated funnel and a tubule that opens through the body wall is called a

A) protonephridium.
B) nephrostome.
C) metanephridium.
D) nephridiopore.

The main propulsive structure(s) in the circulatory system of an earthworm is (are)

A) hearts.
B) dorsal and ventral blood vessels.
C) seminal vesicles.
D) the typhlosole.

The _______ is a site of amino acid metabolism in an earthworm and is analogous to the vertebrate liver.

A) typhlosole
B) seminal vesicle
C) nephridium
D) chloragogen tissue

No freeliving larval forms occur in the annelid subclass(es)

A) Hirudinea
B) Hirudinea and Oligochaeta
C) Polychaeta
D) Polychaeta and Oligochaeta

Flexible support and efficient locomotion are probably the primary adaptive features of metamerism.

A) True
B) False

The peristomium is the first segment of a polychaete. It surrounds the mouth and bears sensory tentacles or cirri.

A) True
B) False

During copulation of earthworms there is mutual sperm exchange. Sperm passes from the seminal receptacles of each worm to the seminal vesicles of the partner.

A) True
B) False

The secondary divisions of a member of the class Hirudinea are called annuli; they are easier to see than the true segments.

A) True
B) False

The looping form of locomotion of leeches utilizes a single hydrostatic cavity formed as a result of the loss of septa separating coelomic compartments.

A) True
B) False

A taxonomic reevaluation of the phylum Annelida confirms the designation of three classes: Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea.

A) True
B) False

The oligochaetes were the first annelids to be derived from ancestral annelids. The hirudineans and freshwater polychaetes were derived from the oligochaetes, and marine polychaetes were derived from freshwater polychaetes.

A) True
B) False

Oligochaetes evolved on land during a time when flowering plants were proliferating. This fact is evidenced, in part, by the reliance of modern oligochaetes on deciduous vegetation.

A) True
B) False

Polychaetes may be predators, herbivores, scavengers, or filter feeders.

A) True
B) False

The immature stages of polychaetes occur in cocoons deposited on the ocean floor.

A) True

B) False

Answers:::::::

1.b
2.a
3.d
4.c
5.c
6.d
7.a
8.a
9.d
10.a
11.b
12.c
13.b
14.d
15.b
16.a
17.a
18.b
19.a
20.a
21.b
22.b
23.a
24.a
25.b

All of the following are characteristics of members of the phylum Arthropoda except one. Select the exception.

A) metamerism modified by tagmatization
B) dorsal nervous system
C) chitinous exoskeleton provides support and protection

D) open circulatory system in which blood is released into tissue spaces derived from the blastocoel

All of the following are protostomate phyla except one. Select the exception.

A) Mollusca
B) Platyhelminthes
C) Arthropoda
D) Echinodermata

The outermost waxy layer of the arthropod exoskeleton is called the

A) epicuticle.
B) procuticle.
C) hypodermis.
D) basement membrane.

A layer of cells that secretes the arthropod exoskeleton is called the

A) epicuticle.
B) procuticle.
C) hypodermis.
D) basement membrane.
In the region of a joint, the ______ of the exoskeleton is less hardened and forms an articular membrane. In other parts of the exoskeleton this region is hardened and inflexible.

A) epicuticle
B) procuticle
C) epidermis
D) hypodermis

Biramous appendages are present in, or were present in

A) all arthropods.
B) Crustacea and Insecta.
C) Crustacea and Trilobitomorpha.
D) Trilobitomorpha and Arachnida.

The sensory, feeding, and locomotor tagmata of members of the subphylum Chelicerata is the

A) thorax.
B) prosoma or cephalothorax.
C) opisthosoma.
D) abdomen.

The second pair of appendages of members of the subphylum Chelicerata is used in sensory perception, feeding, locomotion, or reproduction. These appendages are called

A) mandibles.
B) chelicerae.
C) pedipalps.
D) pedicels.

Excretory structures found in many arachnids consist of thin-walled sacs that open to the body surface at pores near the base of posterior appendages. These excretory structures are called

A) tracheae.
B) coxal glands.
C) spinneretes.
D) green glands.

Most arthropods lay eggs that develop outside the body. They are

A) oviparous.
B) ovoviviparous.
C) viviparous.
D) viperous.

Ticks and mites are members of the order

A) Opiliones.
B) Acarina.
C) Araneae.
D) Scorpionida.

Harvestmen or daddy longlegs are members of the order

A) Opiliones.
B) Acarina.
C) Araneae.
D) Scorpionida.

Of the subphylum Crustacea, ______ has the largest number of species.

A) Malacostraca
B) Branchipoda
C) Copepoda
D) Cirripedia

Barnacles are members of the class

A) Malacostraca.
B) Branchipoda.
C) Copepoda.
D) Thecostraca.

All of the following are crayfish mouth appendages except one. Select the exception.

A) mandibles
B) maxillae
C) pleopods
D) maxillipeds

Metamorphosis often results in adult and immature stages having different feeding habits and habitats. Metamorphosis, therefore, reduces competition between adult and immature stages and has contributed to the success of the arthropods.

A) True
B) False

Arthropods that have just undergone ecdysis are secretive and remain hidden because the new exoskeleton has not yet hardened.

A) True
B) False

Book lungs or book gills are present in members of the subphylum Crustacea.

A) True
B) False

Scorpions have a period of courtship prior to mating. Mating occurs by copulation and the direct transfer of sperm from the male to the female.

A) True
B) False

Members of the class Pycnogonida are the sea spiders. Pycnogonids are dioecious. After eggs are fertilized, they are cemented onto ovigers of the male where they are carried until hatching.

A) True
B) False

The appendages of a crayfish are said to be serially homologous because they have evolved from a common ancestral form. The common ancestral form is the biramous appendage, which consists of a protopodite that attaches to the body wall and gives rise to two distal processes.

A) True
B) False

In the barnacles, planktonic nauplius larvae attach to the substrate by their first antennae and metamorphose to adults.

A) True
B) False

Members of the subphylum Chelicerata were preadapted for terrestrial life by the exoskeleton, which was relatively impermeable to water and supportive on land. Members of the class Arachnida were some of the very early terrestrial inhabitants.

A) True
B) False

Members of the subphylum Trilobitomorpha were a dominant form of life in the ocean during the Cambrian period (600 million years ago) to the Carboniferous period (345 million years ago). Today, a few living species of trilobites inhabit deep water along the eastern coast of North America.

A) True
B) False

Horseshoe crabs are members of the class Merostomata. Their body form has changed little over the last 200 million years, and they are an excellent example of stabilizing selection.

A) True
B) False

Answers::::::::

1.b
2.d
3.a
4.c
5.b
6.c
7.b
8.c
9.b
10.a
11.b
12.a
13.a
14.d
15.c
16.a
17.a
18.b
19.b
20.a
21.a
22.b
23.a
24.b
25.a

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Monday, August 29, 2011

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